When the TOGA switch is activated on the ground, what is one effect?

Activating the TOGA (Takeoff/Go-Around) switch on the ground primarily serves to disconnect the autopilot. This is an important safety feature because the pilot must have complete control of the aircraft during critical phases such as takeoff and go-around. Engaging TOGA provides maximum thrust from the engines, but if the autopilot is still engaged, it could interfere with pilot commands, especially during these moments when precise control and responsiveness are crucial.

While other options may sound plausible in different contexts or phases of flight, they're not the primary function of the TOGA switch when engaged on the ground. Reverse thrust would not be activated in this scenario as TOGA is intended for forward propulsion and control, not deceleration. Similarly, increasing drag or raising the landing gear are not outcomes associated with TOGA activation; these actions pertain to different flight operations. Overall, the disconnection of the autopilot allows pilots to manage the takeoff or go-around phase without the potential complications of an automated flight system, ensuring they have direct control.